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New York Architecture
Images- Midtown GE
Building, originally RCA Building |
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architect
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Raymond Hood |
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location
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30
Rockefeller Plaza, bet W49 and W50 |
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date
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1933 |
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style
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Art Deco
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construction
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type
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Office Building |
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see also
Rockefeller Center |
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Historical photos are
copyrighted by the Rockefeller Group Inc for the Rockerfeller Archives. |
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Image- with special thanks to
Rick Stasel |
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A composite of three images taken of the GE Building from
5th Avenue. The images were taken on, from left to right, July 24, July 23,
and July 22 of 2007. In all three images, the building on the left
foreground is The French Building, while on the right foreground there is
the British Empire Building. |
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View of New York City from the Top of the Rock observation
deck of the GE building |
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This 70-story
tower is the focal point of the entire Rockefeller Center complex.
In Hood's design, the vertical and
Gothic-inspired detailing of the building's austere Art Deco facade is
integrated with a slim, functionally expressive form. Inside, this modern
skyscraper features an open floor plan. Like the other buildings in the
complex, whose overall appearance varies little from the RCA tower, this
structure is clad in fine materials. Deer Island granite covers the
building base to a height of four feet, and the shaft has a refined facade
of Indiana limestone with aluminum spandrel panels. Lee Lawrie's limestone
and glass sculptural relief marks the main entrance.
Inside the lobby, Jose Maria Sert's painted
on canvas mural on the theme of American Progress replaced a more
controversial work painted as a traditional fresco by the left-wing
artists Diego Rivera and Ben Shahn. The lobby's rich materials and reduced
black and beige ornamental scheme is enhanced by dramatic lighting. An
escalator--a striking feature for the time--provides access to the
shopping concourse below.
Built in 1931-1933 for the Radio Corporation of America.
After sixteen months of work, this building became at 259 m the tallest in
the Rockefeller Center. The owner company moved into this simplified slab from its decor-topped Lexington Avenue tower and housed its National Broadcast Company and operations here.
Clad in white Indiana limestone, the 70-storey building's jagged form follows the zoning regulations imposed on high-rise buildings. Each setback also corresponds to a reduction in the amount of elevators, and thus in the total size of elevator shafts.
The construction of this building was made possible, from the legal point-of-view, by the combination of all of the land in Rockefeller Center into one zoning lot, so that there was enough "air" space around the building.
The "economy" of the 195,200 m² building impressed even the hardened businessmen who rented the office space to various tenants: no rentable area was off the maximum (profitable) distance from the windows; it was also Hood's aim to provide every workroom with direct natural lightning. The building housed at the time of its completion the largest floor area of any commercial building hitherto.
The 65th floor houses the stylish Rainbow Room restaurant with generous views over Midtown. For decades the terraced open-air observatory was open to the public, until the expansion of the restaurant and its adjoining Rainbow Grill bar lounge necessitated the closing of the rooftop facility.
The Art Deco decoration of the building follows the heroic and mythical themes, combined with praise of modernity and visualized in form of classical figures at work or gods and goddesses of specific virtues. The Rockefellers, in fact, employed the mind of consultant philosopher Hartley Burr Alexander who defined the ideological theme for the Center. In the niché above the entrance is Lee Lawrie's relief Genius. The lobby artwork was originally to be commissioned from such heavyweights as Matisse and Picasso, but eventually José Maria Sert made the murals American Progress and Time, whereas Diego Rivera's mural incorporating Lenin as "the leader of the worker's movement" was too much, leading to its removal...
At the foot of the building is the sunken plaza, originally planned as an entrance to the center's subway station. As the construction of the subway station was delayed, the plaza was lined with below-grade luxury shops. In 1936, to divert attention from the commercial failures of the retailers, the plaza was first turned into a public roller rink and subsequently into a more upper class wintertime ice skating rink and a summertime café. Paul Manship's gilded bronze sculpture Prometheus lies above the fountain pool of the plaza. Every Christmas an illuminated giant spruce is erected on Rockefeller Plaza above the statue -- the first one was a 1931 construction workers' tree, a more down-to-earth decorated one too.
The flat roof between the main tower and the wing facing Sixth Avenue (the GE Building West)
houses a roof-top garden.
The building changed hands in 1986, when General Electric incorporated RCA, along with its subsidiary NBC. Ten years later, when the Center was bought by a group led by Goldman Sachs and Jerry
Speyer, the condominium interest of the building was sold to NBC for $440 million.
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The RCA building is the first, and
the centerpiece, of 21 buildings that make up the Rockefeller Center
between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, 48th and 51st Streets in midtown
Manhattan.
70 stories high, the RCA building
looks dramatically different whether seen end-on as an elegant,
narrow shaft (east facade) as you approach down Rockefeller Plaza
from Fifth Avenue, or side-on as a vast slab (south facade) as you
look from neighboring skyscrapers further down on Sixth Avenue.

'As the first building erected, the RCA Building also set the
architectural style to be followed by the others in the Center.
Its imposing Indiana limestone walls are broken only by the
windows and low-toned aluminum spandrels recessed from the slab,
which create long vertical lines that extend unchecked from the
flat roof, a design inspired by Hood's Daily News Building, which
had also influenced the fenestration of the Empire State
Building...
Three setbacks on the north and
south walls step the building back from the east facade,
reflecting the reduction of the number of elevator shafts
within... The three setbacks on the east facade are functionally
unnecessary, but they continue the setback lines of the north and
south walls around the front of the tower slab, presenting a
unified surface and a visually coherent exterior.'
Donald Martin Reynolds in The
Architecture of New York City 1994

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How to visit
Approach from Fifth Avenue at 49th
Street. The building is open during office hours. Comprehensive
visitor information is at http://www.rockefellercenter.com/.
(On that web site the building has its current name, the GE
Building.)
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Visitors to Rockefeller observation deck
shortly after its 1933 opening.
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March 11, 2005 NYT
Somewhere Over the Rainbow Room
By DAVID W. DUNLAP
Deck chairs will no longer await visitors as if this were a front porch in
the sky. The $3.50 admission charge is a thing of the past. (Try $14.)
Those giant letters on the parapet now read "GE" instead of
"RCA." And few New Yorkers will be able to look at the double
void on the downtown horizon - just above the Grace Building, slightly to
the right of Empire State - without remembering keenly what is not there.
But when the blanket of Central Park reddens this fall, there will be a
familiar vantage from which to take it in. The observation roof atop 30
Rockefeller Plaza is going to reopen after a $75 million revamping.
Having closed as New York City's third highest observatory in May 1986, it
will return as the second highest, through a circumstance that could not
have been imagined then.
And it will return with a few extra features. "We don't want this
experience to be just about the view," said Rob Speyer, a senior
managing director of Tishman Speyer Properties, co-owners of Rockefeller
Center with the Crown family of Chicago. "We want tourists to
experience Rockefeller Center in an extraordinary way from the moment they
arrive."
Visitors will know in advance what time they will be admitted. Their few
minutes of waiting can be spent viewing exhibits that trace the history
and construction of the center, including documentary films, photographs
and an original wooden model on which 30 Rock stands more than eight feet
tall.
Then visitors will board elevators with glass ceilings and watch the
ascent along illuminated shafts to the 67th floor, where they will find
indoor observation areas. Escalators will take them higher yet, to outdoor
terraces on the 69th floor, shielded from the wind by new
eight-and-a-half-foot-high glass barriers.
But the 70th-floor summit, 850 feet above the street, will still be
completely open to the elements, commanding a 360-degree perspective
interrupted only by an 18-foot sphere at the west end that houses
weather-watching radar apparatus.
From this spot in May 1936, New Yorkers witnessed the arrival of the
dirigible Hindenburg after its 60-hour voyage from Germany, at the outset
of regular trans-Atlantic service that would end a year later with the
Hindenburg's destruction. In July 1944, on a triumphal visit as the tide
of World War II was changing, Gen. Charles de Gaulle surveyed New York
from this spot, asking a French-speaking "Centerette" guide to
point out Harlem, Central Park, Fifth Avenue and Coney Island.
Coney Island is still visible, marked on the southern horizon by the
T-shaped profile of the Parachute Jump. Near the northern horizon, the
Tappan Zee Bridge can be glimpsed at a turn in the Hudson River. Even
during the snowstorm on Tuesday, there was a majesty to this place, lost
in a howling whiteness through which Midtown's familiar spires and
plateaus were recognizable only as ghostly gray shadows.
Tishman Speyer expects that the revamped observation roof - now styled Top
of the Rock - will draw two million visitors a year, or 20 times as many
as it did in 1986 when it was closed to accommodate an expansion of the
Rainbow Room.
The Empire State Building observation deck, 200 feet higher and $1
cheaper, drew about 3.5 million visitors last year. Lydia A. Ruth, the
director of public relations for the building, welcomed the prospect of a
reopened observation roof at Rockefeller Center.
"It will be a great place to view the Empire State Building,"
she said.
Never as heavily trafficked as the Empire State observatory, the
Rockefeller Center rooftop felt more like a sanctuary than a tourist
attraction. Its lower elevation also gave visitors the appealing sense of
being suspended among the pinnacles of the skyline, rather than above
them.
In any case, it is fondly enough remembered or eagerly enough imagined
that visitors to Rockefeller Center have never stopped asking after it.
"I get that request every few hours," said Daniela Galli, the
concierge for Rockefeller Center, who works at the main information desk
in the lobby of 30 Rock, formerly the RCA Building, now the G.E. Building.
Seeing the revenue potential in restoring the observation roof and
packaging it with other Rockefeller Center attractions like the skating
rink, the NBC Studios and Radio City Music Hall, Tishman Speyer started
planning Top of the Rock in the summer of 2001. The architect is Michael
Gabellini of Gabellini Associates.
To isolate visitor traffic from the office tenants at 30 Rockefeller
Plaza, a separate ground-floor entrance will be created on 50th Street. A
curving stairway will connect this storefront space to the concourse below
and mezzanine above.
"Critical to our plan," Mr. Speyer said, "is an advanced
ticketing system where people will be able to buy - up to months in
advance - a ticket for a specific time." He added, "There's no
reason for anybody to stand in line more than 10 or 15 minutes."
Tickets can be picked up or purchased in the concourse. The exhibits will
be on the mezzanine. This three-level space was created by relocating
tenants, buying some tenants out of their leases and waiting for other
leases to expire.
Two former freight elevator shafts will be used for the new glass-topped
cars that serve the observation roof directly and exclusively. On nights
and weekends, two additional passenger elevators that are ordinarily used
by office tenants will be given over to visitor traffic.
By extending some elevator shafts to the 67th floor, it was possible to
reopen the rooftop to the public. The Rainbow Room expansion had cut off
access to two small shuttle cars serving the observatory.
The 67th floor, twice the height of a typical floor (and therefore counted
as the 68th floor, too), has been used in recent years to house machinery
and ductwork. The boxing promoter Don King once had a penthouse office at
one end in an aerie that will now be known as the Weather Room.
On the outdoor terraces, where the view speaks for itself, the idea is to
recreate as closely as possible the original Art Deco ambience, Mr. Speyer
said. Tishman Speyer will even bring back pedestal-mounted binoculars. And
even though the arrival of visitors will be closely timed, there will be
no limit on how long they can stay.
"We wanted to create enough space so that people can enjoy the view
and head downstairs," Mr. Speyer said. "Or spend a lovely
afternoon."
As part of the renovation project, two escalators were hoisted to the top
of the building last weekend through an elevator shaft, in eight large and
very heavy pieces. Jim Flood, a construction worker on the arduous job,
emerged triumphantly at its conclusion.
"He came out of the shaft like a phoenix and lit a cigar," said
Mr. Speyer, who watched the operation. "I've never seen a man who
deserved a cigar more."
copyright New York Times
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contact
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nyc-architecture.com
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