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Designed and
built by Vaux in 1870 to serve as a clearinghouse for fresh, untainted
milk from approved farms surrounding the city, The Dairy -- a picturesque
Victorian building -- now serves as the Central Park Reference Library.The
Dairy is open to public and features an exhibit about the history and
design of Central Park as well as a children's activity area.
At the end of a long
ride north to the new Central Park, 19th century children could enjoy a
fresh, wholesome glass of milk at The Dairy. In the 1850s, residential
Manhattan reached only as far north as 38th Street. During that time, New
York City suffered milk scandals. Some tainted milk from cows in the
southern parts of the City that were fed brewery mash instead of hay was
being sold commercially throughout the City. Fresh milk was worth seeking
out. Cholera outbreaks in the densely-populated areas sent anxious
families in search of healthier environments for their children, and by
the time the Dairy opened 20 years later, milk was fresh and regulated.
Olmsted and Vaux thought of the southernmost part of the Park as the
Children's District since it was the first arrival point for travelling
families.
The Dairy design is a
vintage Victorian hybrid: Swiss chalet meets Gothic country church. One
half of the Dairy is an open loggia, made of wood with geometric
gingerbread borders. The other half is a granite structure with window
treatments and spires reminiscent of a country church. Olmsted and Vaux
designed the loggia to catch both cool summer breezes from the Pond, and
as much warmth as the winter sun could offer. The view from the loggia
south is framed by two tree-crowned bedrock outcrops. Historically, the
focus of the view was the shoreline of the Pond; today it is colorful
Wollman Rink, with the midtown skyline as backdrop.
The Dairy today serves as a general visitor
center with information on the history and design of Central Park, as well
as current Park events and programs. In addition, The Dairy serves as the
official Central Park gift store with maps, guides, history books, and a
line of mugs, key chains, T-shirts, and caps especially designed for the
Central Park Conservancy.
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