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New York Architecture
Images- Central Park Christo's
Gates
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artists
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Christo and Jean-Claude
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location
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Central
Park |
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date
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February
2005 |
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type
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Sculpture |
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Torii Gates
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Collage 2004 in two parts:
30,5 x 77,5cm and 66,7 x 77,5cm
(12 x 30 1/2" and 26 1/4 x 30 1/2")
Pencil, fabric, charcoal, wax crayon, pastel, enamel paint fabric
sample and map.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz.
©2005 Christo Ref.# 114
Enlarged
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Collage, 2004
In two parts: 30.5 x 77.5 cm and 66.7 x 77.5 cm
(12 x 30 1/2” and 26.1/4 x 30 1/2”)
Pencil, fabric, charcoal, wax crayon, pastel, map, enamel paint
and fabric sample.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo Ref.# 104
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Collage 2004
In 2 parts: 77,5 x 30,5 cm. and 77,5 x 66,7cm.
(30 1/2 x 12” and 30 1/2 x 26 1/4 inch.)
Pencil, fabric, wax crayon, charcoal, enamel paint, pastel, aerial
photo and fabric sample.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz.
©2004 Christo Ref.# 107
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Collage 2004
In 2 parts: 30,5 x 77,5 cm. and 66,7 x 77,5 cm.
(12 x 30.1/2” and 26.1/4 x 30 1/2 inch.)
Pencil, fabric, charcoal, wax crayon, pastel, map, enamel paint,
fabric sample and aerial photograph.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo Ref.# 113
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Collage, 2004
21,5 x 28 cm. (8 1/2 x 11”)
Pencil, enamel paint, photograph by Wolfgang Volz,
wax crayon, fabric sample and tape.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing, 2004
35,5 x 28 cm. (14" x 11”)
Pencil, charcoal, paste and wax crayon.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Collage, 2005
43,2 cm x 55,9 cm (17” x 22”)
Pencil, enamel paint, photograph by Wolfgang Volz, wax crayon,
map, and fabric sample.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2005 Christo
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Collage, 2004
55,9 x 43,2 cm. (22 x 17”)
Pencil, enamel paint, photograph by Wolfgang Volz, wax crayon,
hand-drawn map, tape and fabric sample.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing 2004. 77,5 x 70,5 cm (30.1/2 x 27.3/4”)
Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon, technical data and tape.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo Ref.# 002
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing 2004 38,7 x 35,2 cm. (15 1/4 x 13 7/8")
Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon,
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing 2004. 55,9 x 71,1 cm. (22 x 28”)
Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon, hand-drawn technical data
and tape.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo Ref.# 12
Enlarged View
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing 2002. In 2 parts: 165 x 38 cm. and 165 x 106,6 cm.
(65 x 15" and 65 x 42")
Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon, enamel paint and map.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2002Christo Ref.# 22
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing in two parts:
96 x 42" (244 x 106.6 cm)
and 96 x 15" (244 x 38 cm).
Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon, enamel paint, fabric sample,
hand-drawn map, technical data, and tape.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2005 Christo Ref.# 054
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing 2004. In two parts: 244 x 38 cm.
and 244 x 106,6 cm. (96 x 15” and 96 x 42”).
Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon, enamel paint, fabric sample,
hand-drawn map, technical data and tape.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004Christo Ref.# 049
Enlarged View
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Christo
The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
Drawing 2004 In two parts: 38 x 244 cm and 106.6 x 244 cm
(15x96” and 42x96”) Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon,
fabric sample, aerial photograph, tape and hand-drawn technical
data.
Photo: Wolfgang Volz
©2004 Christo Ref.# 047
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The Gates, Project for Central Park,
New York City
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Click fabric sample to enlarge.
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On
January 22, 2003 Michael R. Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City,
announced that the city has given permission to New York artists
Christo and Jeanne-Claude to realize their temporary work of art:The
Gates, Central Park, New York, 1979-2005.
The 7500 Gates, 16 feet (4.87 meters) high with a width varying from
5' 6" to 18 feet (1,67 m to 5,48 meters) will follow the edges
of the walkways and will be perpendicular to the selected 23 miles
of footpaths in Central Park. Free hanging saffron colored fabric
panels suspended from the horizontal top part of the gates will come
down to approximately 7 feet ( 2,13 meters) above the ground. The
gates will be spaced at 12 foot (3,65 meter) intervals, except where
low branches extend above the walkways allowing the synthetic woven
panels to wave horizontally towards the next gate and be seen from
far away through the leafless branches of the trees. The temporary
work of art The Gates is scheduled for February 2005, to
remain for 16 days, then the 7,500 Gates shall be removed and the
materials will be recycled.
As Christo and Jeanne-Claude have always done for their previous
projects, The Gates will be entirely financed by the artists
through C.V.J. Corp, (Jeanne-Claude Javacheff, President) with the
sale of studies, preparatory drawings and collages, scale models,
earlier works of the fifties and sixties, and original lithographs
on other subjects.
The artists do not accept sponsorship
or donations.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude have
donated the merchandising rights to the charitable foundation "NNYN"
(Nurture New York's Nature and Arts) who are sharing these rights
with The Central Park Conservancy.
Neither New York City nor the Park administration shall bear any of
the expenses for The Gates.
The Gates
will provide employment for hundreds of New York City residents:
- Manufacturing and
assembling of the gates structures,
- Installation workers,
- Maintenance teams
around the clock, in uniform and with radios,
- Removal workers.
The 5 inch (12,7 cm) square vertical
and horizontal poles will be extruded in 65 miles (104,6 km) of
recyclable saffron colored vinyl. The vertical poles will be secured
by 15,000 narrow, steel base footings, 600 pounds (275 Kilograms)
each, positioned on the paved surfaces. There will be no holes in
the ground at all.
The off-site fabrication of the gates structures and assembly of the
7500 fabric panels made of 1,089,882 square feet (101,250 square
meters) of fabric will be done in local workshops, and factories.
The on-site installation of the
bases, by small teams, spread in the park, will neither disturb the
maintenance and management of Central Park nor the every day use of
the park by the people of New York.
In teams of eight, 600 workers
wearing "The Gates" uniforms, will be responsible for
installing 100 gates per team. All workers will be financially
compensated and receive one hot meal per day. Professional security
will work in the park after dark. The unfurling of the fabric panels
will bloom in one day.
A written contract has been drafted between the City of New York and
the Department of Parks and Recreation and the artists.
The contract requires the artists to
provide, among other terms and conditions:
- Personal and property
liability insurance holding harmless the City, the Department of
Parks and Recreation and the Central Park Conservancy.
- Restoration Bond
providing funds for complete removal.
- Full cooperation with
the Department of Parks and Recreation, the Central Park
Conservancy, the New York Police Department, the New York City
Arts Commission, the Landmarks Commission and the Community
Boards.
- Clearance for the
usual activities in the park and access of Rangers, maintenance,
clean-up, police and emergency vehicles.
- The artists shall pay
all costs of the Park’s supervision directly related to the
project.
- Neither vegetation nor
rock formations shall be disturbed.
- The Gates
will be clear of rocks, tree roots and low branches.
- Only vehicles of small
size will be used and will be confined to existing walkways
during installation and removal.
- The people of New York
will continue to use Central Park as usual.
- After the removal, the
site shall be inspected by the Department of Parks and
Recreation which will be holding the security until
satisfaction.
For those who will walk through The
Gates, following the walkways, and staying away from the grass, The
Gates will be a golden ceiling creating warm shadows. When seen
from the buildings surrounding Central Park, The Gates will
seem like a golden river appearing and disappearing through the bare
branches of the trees and will highlight the shape of the footpaths.
The 16 day duration work of art, free
to all, will be a long-to-be-remembered joyous experience for every
New Yorker, as a democratic expression that Olmsted invoked when he
conceived a “central” park. The luminous moving fabric will
underline the organic design of the park, while the rectangular
poles will be a reminder fo the geometric grid pattern of the city
blocks around the park. The Gates will harmonize with the
beauty of Central Park.
Vince Davenport is the chief engineer
and director of construction. Jonita Davenport is the project
director.
All materials are being shipped to
the rented 25,000 square foot (2,250 square meter) assembly plant in
Queens, NY. Six manufacturing plants are preparing the materials,
plus a sewing plant.
Some of the materials ordered
for 7,500 GATES (as of September 7, 2003):
(Numbers might change slightly.)
All materials will be recycled.
• 5,290 US Tons of steel
(4,799 Metric Tons) (10,580,000 pounds) (equal to 2/3 the steel in
the Eiffel Tower) for 15,000 specially designed steel footing
weights, varying between 615 and 837 pounds each, according to the
width of the gate, (279 - 379 Kg.). Gates vary in width because
there are 25 different widths of walkways in Central Park. The
weights are resting on the hard surface of the walkways. There will
be no holes in Central Park.
• 315,491 linear feet
(60 miles) (96.5 Km.) of Vinyl tube, 5 inch x 5 inch square,
(12,7 x 12,7 cm.) extruded in saffron color, recyclable, specially
designed, (for each gate: 2 vertical 16 feet long (4,87 meter), and
one horizontal (varying between 6 and 18 feet, because the width of
the walkways varies)
• 15,000
specially designed, recyclable, cast aluminum upper corner
reinforcements which hold together the 2 vertical poles to the
horizontal pole.
• 15,000 base anchor sleeves.
Which will be bolted to the steel footing weights.
• 15,000 (1/2
inch x 8 inch x 8 inch) (1.27 x 22,8 x 22,8 cm.) steel leveling
plates. The leveling plate is between the base anchor sleeve and
the steel base, it has a pivoting bolt which will ensure the perfect
verticality of the poles, even when the walkways are inclined.
• 165,000 bolts and self locking
nuts. (7,500 x 22)
• 15,000 (8
x 8 x 8 inch) (22,8 x 22,8 x 22,8 cm.) Vinyl leveling plate covers,
to hide the bolts.
• 116,389
miles (187,311 Km.) of nylon thread to be extruded in
saffron color and specially woven into 1,067,330 square feet
(99,155 square meters) of recyclable, rip-stop fabric, and then
shipped to the sewing factory to be cut and sewn into 7,500 fabric
panels of various widths. 46 miles (74 Km.) of hems.
On January 3, 2005, weather
permitting, our professional workers will enter Central Park.
Using forklifts and pallet jacks, they will place the 15,000 steel
weights bases at their specific positions on the edges of the
walkways, usually at 12 foot intervals, unless there are low
branches.
On Monday, February 7, 2005, weather
permitting, approximately 700 non-skilled workers (in teams of
7) will elevate The Gates assemblies -- 2 vertical and one
horizontal pole, the upper and lower aluminum corners and base
assembly and the fabric panel in a cocoon, attached to the upper
horizontal pole. The fabric panels will not initially be seen
because they will be restrained in the cocoons which will remain
closed until Saturday, February 12, when all the
cocoons will be opened, in one day (maybe in one morning), weather
permitting, as with all our projects.
The Gates
will remain in Central park for 16 days, then the removal will
start.
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With thanks to www.christojeanneclaude.net
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NY1
February 16, 2005
The Gates In Central Park Are Vandalized

After a grand unveiling over the weekend, “The Gates” in Central
Park have apparently been vandalized.
Some graffiti was reportedly found on one of the gates, and pieces of
the fabric were cut as well.
No arrests have been made.
But the artists, Christo and Jeanne-Claude, did not seem bothered when
they heard of the vandalism.
“We don’t react,” said Jeanne-Claude. “We are not reactors; we
are creators.”
Over 7,500 gates draped with flowing saffron-colored fabric have been
erected over 23 miles of pathways in Central Park to create the largest
public artwork in the city’s history. “The Gates” will be up
through February 27.
Copyright © 2005 NY1 News
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February 17, 2005
Young Critics See 'The Gates' and Offer Their Reviews: Mixed
By JULIE SALAMON

Bella, 9, and Samuel Glanville, 11, visitors from London. Samuel uses
terms like Fauvism and Pointillism.
esterday morning, unusually balmy for
February, the gentle slopes north of the Delacorte Theater in Central
Park resembled a giant schoolyard. Swarms of students were led to
"The Gates" by their teachers, to observe, to draw, to
meditate - and in many cases to pontificate - on the meaning of art and
nature.
For Kate Rosenberg, 9, a third-grade student at Rodeph Sholom, a private
school on the Upper West Side, the saffron-colored gates dreamed up by
the artist Christo and his wife, Jeanne-Claude, have altered her vision
of Central Park. "Before I didn't really look at the park,"
she said. "I didn't see how beautiful it is.
"These gates, and there are billions of them, make me feel I will
not look at the park the same way again."
There are actually 7,532 gates spread along 23 miles of the park's
pathways - not quite billions, but more than enough to loom large in a
child's imagination. And in the opinion of some children, far too many.
Perhaps especially in New York, it is never too soon to become a critic.
Many youngsters wondered if this was art at all, and if it was, did it
have to cost $21 million?
"They just wasted their money on nothing," declared Ikim
Powell, 10, who attends P.S. 368 in the Bushwick section of Brooklyn.
"They should at least have paintings behind them."
His classmate, Tyre Brooks, felt "The Gates" was an
unnecessary artificial imposition on the park's natural beauty.
"Now it looks like a stage, like on wrestling," he said.
"I just want to ride my bike and play. I'd like to come back to the
park when the flags aren't here. They look cheap."
But another student from P.S. 368, Tyquam Nimmons, on his first visit to
Central Park, disagreed. "It is artistic," he said.
"There are a lot of them all around, and they're the same color and
they give me a good feeling." He was about to elaborate but instead
ran off to catch a football being tossed around by a group from his
school.
Martha Epstein, a Rodeph Sholom third-grader, sitting with her
classmates on a hill made of boulders, had just finished a sketch of one
of the gates. "This is about my millionth time seeing 'The Gates,'
" she sighed. She said she was not much impressed on her first
visit last weekend with her family, right after the 116,389 miles of
saffron fabric were unfurled. "It was really crowded and I didn't
like the orange," she said. "I wished it was green, a park
color."
Subsequent visits have somewhat altered her view. "I don't like the
look of them but I like the way everybody is at the park and
happy," she said.
Lucinda Gresswell brought her two children to New York from London for
their midterm break, in part because the Christo gates would be up. In
the 1970's, Ms. Gresswell's father had bought a Christo drawing of
either a pyramid or a sphinx, she could not remember which. So two weeks
ago she booked a flight.
Her 11-year-old son, Samuel Glanville, had no doubt that the gates were
art. "Art is Fauvism, Pointillism, abstract," he said, looking
at rows of pleated nylon fabric floating slightly at the whiff of a
breeze. "This is Christo - is that his name, I forget? - this is
his art, his own interpretation."
Samuel liked knowing that "The Gates" would be on view for
only two weeks. "Like all art, if it's always there it doesn't feel
so special," he said, with the savvy of a shrewd museum director.
"It's like a special Matisse show at a museum. You feel lucky if
you get to see it."
For his 9-year-old sister, Bella, on her first visit to New York,
confronting "The Gates" was another in a series of crucial
discoveries: the brilliant lights of Times Square, and Century 21, the
bargain store near ground zero, where Bella acquired the very cool shirt
she was wearing.
She was not as certain as her brother of the artistic merit of the
gates. "Well, yeah," she said, when asked if they were art.
Then, she amended. "Not so much," she said. "They're kind
of like flags. I prefer messy art, like blobs."
But she was happy that Christo's project helped lure her family to
Central Park, where she and Samuel worked up a healthy glow climbing on
the rocks. "It wouldn't be too ordinary even without the
flags," she said. "Most parks have grass and trees, not rocks.
In England, unless it's a heath, you wouldn't have big rocks and
stones."
Sean Springer, a student from the Rhode Island School of Design on leave
to work as a volunteer for "The Gates," said he had learned
from the school groups wandering through. "There was an English
class writing about their feelings, and I was wondering about the
connections between literature and this work," he said. "My
opinion is the art makes a poetic statement, and they said art is a form
of poetry."
Mr. Springer helped install "The Gates," will help take it
down, and stands at the ready to untangle fabric with a pole capped by a
tennis ball. He also answers questions and hands out swatches of the
nylon saffron fabric to passers-by. "That's one thing that's the
same for kids and adults," he said. "If they know about the
swatches, they want them."

A student records impressions of "The Gates."
Copyright
2005 The
New York Times Company
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February 17, 2005
In City of Ads, 'The Gates' Stand Apart
By DAVID W. DUNLAP
NOT a word.
That may be one of the greatest gifts of "The Gates" to New
York City: a sponsor-free public installation in Central Park.
At a time when the civic realm is blanketed with corporate promotion,
from lampposts to landmarks, the artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude have
shown that it is possible to hang 1,067,330 square feet of nylon in the
heart of Manhattan - almost 50 acres of potential display space -
without a slogan, trademark or logo.
"I would have had a much more difficult time going to community
boards, the Municipal Art Society and other civic groups making a case
for it if there had been corporate logos on it," said Adrian Benepe,
the parks commissioner.
The artists are paying the estimated $21 million cost of the 16-day
installation. They refuse sponsors, they say, because they want to work
"in total freedom."
Of course, in one sense, their work promotes themselves. Whether on the
gray smocks worn by monitors along the walkways or in the piles of
merchandise at the gift shops, there is no mistaking who gets top
billing: Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
But the couple are not trying to sell real estate or financial services,
airline or museum tickets. To the extent that they may be trying to move
"Gates" merchandise - or at least to satisfy the demand for it
- they are not receiving income from the sales, which largely benefit
city parks, said Megan Sheekey, a spokeswoman for the project.
And the 16-foot-high orange gates are free of advertising.
"There is not one image stamped on it," marveled Vanessa Gruen,
director of special projects at the Municipal Art Society. "We're
so used to seeing that kind of fabric used to drape buildings and for
huge signs." For instance, the society has criticized as
"obnoxious" a billboard modeled on a $10 bill that temporarily
covers the front of the landmark New-York Historical Society on Central
Park West, promoting the Alexander Hamilton exhibition.
Another landmark near the park, the former United States Rubber Company
Building at Broadway and 58th Street, now partly cocooned in
scaffolding, has been turned into a temporary advertising kiosk for
Independence Air.
Around the park itself are dozens of three-by-eight-foot lamppost
banners maintained by NYC & Company, the city's tourism marketing
organization. Some currently feature paintings of dancers by Susan
Rothenberg. These come emblazoned with the logo of the financial service
firm UBS, in connection with a show at the Museum of Modern Art.
Other banners along Central Park South are more like pure advertising.
They show the logo of the real estate company CB Richard Ellis under a
picture of Times Square with the legend "Real Estate Capital of the
World."
Cristyne L. Nicholas, the president and chief executive of NYC &
Company, said banners around the city generate about $600,000 a year for
the nonprofit organization, which in turn helps promote cultural
institutions and events.
"As far as corporate logos," she said, "that pays for the
program, so that's necessary. All public art projects can't be funded by
the generosity of Christo and Jeanne-Claude."
Through the CVJ Corporation, of which Jeanne-Claude is president, the
couple finance their projects by selling drawings, models, studies,
lithographs and other artwork.
TO date, more than 1 million visitors have viewed "The Gates,"
Ms. Sheekey said. You would think some corporation would salivate at
this prospect, maybe one whose graphic identity is dominated by the
color orange - like Home Depot or the ING Group - or one whose products
might be conjured in viewers' minds by billowing curtains or rivers of
orange, like the Coca-Cola Company (Minute Maid and Fanta) or Procter
& Gamble (Downy fabric softener).
"In other projects, we have received offers of sponsorship and have
always said a flat no," Jeanne-Claude said in a telephone interview
on Tuesday. "But for 'The Gates,' we have not received any offers
of sponsorship because we think - Christo and I - that by now, they know
we don't say yes, ever. So nobody even bothered."
Asked about the proliferation of commercial imagery elsewhere in the
city, Jeanne-Claude conferred briefly with her husband before she
returned to the phone. "Christo answered, and I repeat word for
word, 'I never think of advertising.' "
Copyright
2005 The
New York Times Company
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February 17, 2005
METRO MATTERS
How Banners Navigated the Hurdles
By JOYCE PURNICK
FOR nearly three years, Vince Davenport has lived and worked in New
York, planning and directing installation of "The Gates" in
Central Park. He chose the materials, devised engineering solutions,
negotiated with suppliers, selected contractors and dealt with park
neighbors and a municipal hierarchy as muddled as rush-hour traffic.
The project's engineer says he can't quite yet believe that he and his
team pulled it off, but they did. And now seems a good time to ask what
he thinks of New York. How tough did he find the city, once it finally
gave the project the go-ahead?
"It is a difficult place to work, but I don't think it's that
difficult if you do it right," Mr. Davenport said yesterday.
"Do your homework, and don't try to beat the system, but work with
it. There are so many bureaucracies. Everybody wants to be in charge of
their own domain, and I can understand that. But go through the
hierarchy, sit down and draw a plan and present it - as opposed to
trying to bulldoze your way through."
With occasional exceptions, he didn't even find New Yorkers rude, said
Mr. Davenport, a general contractor originally from Kansas City who
sounds uncannily like another Missouri native, Harry S. Truman, and
seems just as direct (if less crusty).
Told that some who worked on the project say that they considered it to
be his - becoming Christo and Jeanne-Claude's only when the saffron
material was unfurled on Saturday - he chose different language, but
acknowledged that the technical translation of the artistic design, the
engineering, "was strictly mine."
Though working in New York for the first time, he seems to have
anticipated most problems, except one. Mr. Davenport said that while he
fully expected New York to be expensive, he found that labor, trucking
and parking were so much more expensive than he anticipated that the
project's costs grew to more than $20 million from the $15 million he
originally projected.
What about that entrenched New York institution, bribes - what did they
cost? "Not a dime," he said. "The suggestion was made a
few times, 'Is there something we can do for you?' But never out and
out, and I don't believe in it."
Even for someone who's worked in Los Angeles and Berlin, the city's
complexity sounds as though it was bewildering - the multiple rules from
multiple agencies. "But I don't have a problem with it,"
continued Mr. Davenport, sitting in his trailer near the Boathouse
yesterday morning. "To me, Central Park is the eighth wonder of the
world - a gorgeous, beautiful park. I understand why you have to have so
many rules. It's the only way, when so many people are coming into the
park daily."
IT was the rule not to disturb the park that complicated approval of the
project, first proposed over a quarter-century ago and rejected. That
was mostly because Central Park was in bad shape, partly because the
park design called for making it worse by drilling 15,000 holes in the
park to anchor the gates.
When the artists decided to try again in 2002, Mr. Davenport told them:
" 'This is impossible, I can't do this job.' I said the geology of
the park will not allow you, even if you got permission, to drill simple
six-inch-by-three-foot holes. You will wind up with a two-foot-diameter
hole by the time you take out all the rocks you are going to hit."
Even without having a solution, he recommended telling the city that the
design would require no drilling. By that spring, he came up with an
innovative design using heavy bases with anchor plates that serve as
leveling devices to anchor the 7,500 vinyl gates. Doug Blonsky,
president of the Central Park Conservancy, said yesterday that the
revised design was "one of the most important factors that helped
us change our feelings."
Mr. Davenport, who had built tracks of houses and industrial buildings
but is not a trained engineer, started working with Christo and
Jeanne-Claude in 1989, when a contractor-friend from Missouri, working
on the couple's umbrella installation in the Los Angeles area, needed an
associate with a California license.
Mr. Davenport was licensed, and intrigued. He and his wife, Jonita, have
been with the two artists ever since.
The couple have been living on Manhattan's East Side since February
2002, but after "The Gates" closes in 10 days, they will
return to their home in Leavenworth, Wash. "I'd love to stay,"
he said. "But I can't afford it."
Copyright
2005 The
New York Times Company
|

You too could have a little Christo and Jeanne Claude
in your home.
http://www.not-rocket-science.com/media_gates.htm
|
New York Times
February 20, 2005
THE CITY
Seeing Orange
By TED CAPLOW
HE exhibit that began last weekend in Central Park is many things to
many people. For me and my beagle, Hazel, with whom I share a daily walk
to work through the park, "The Gates" is just a distraction.
What she wants to know is, where have all the squirrels gone? What I
want to know is, from the standpoint of industrial ecology, how can
Christo and Jeanne-Claude justify the environmental impact of this
project?
On their Web site, the artists, with apparent pride, declare that
"The Gates" has required 10˝ million pounds of steel, 60
miles of vinyl tubing and one million square feet of nylon fabric, plus
thousands upon thousands of steel plates, bolts and nuts to hold the
whole thing together. The plastic tubes and fabric are described as
"recyclable," but no mention is made of the fate of the steel.
According to the United States Department of Energy, the steel industry
in this country consumes about 18 million B.T.U.'s of raw energy to
produce one ton of steel. If the cast steel in "The Gates" is
typical American steel, then making it has required 97 billion B.T.U.'s,
an amount equivalent to the entire annual energy consumption - including
that used to run cars, furnaces, air conditioners and home appliances -
of nearly 500 New York state residents.
Energy for the steel industry is supplied in roughly equal thirds by
coal, natural gas and electricity from the grid. Based on generally
accepted rates of carbon dioxide emissions for these three sources, it
appears that making steel for "The Gates" churned out 7,000
tons of carbon dioxide, equivalent to the combined output of about 1,600
average American cars for a year (carbon dioxide is viewed by most
scientists as a threat to the global climate system). We would have to
plant more than 200 acres of trees and grow them for 10 years to remove
this carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Central Park has an area of
about 800 acres, but only part of this has trees; and the mature trees
that dominate the park do not absorb carbon dioxide effectively, so we
cannot look to the park to clean up the mess.
In terms of sheer mass, the amount of plastic in "The Gates"
is dwarfed by the steel, but emissions of carbon dioxide, dioxins and
other toxins from plastics manufacturing are also a concern. The plastic
chosen for the supports, polyvinyl chloride, or P.V.C., is an
increasingly controversial material that releases dioxins and other
carcinogens to the air and water during manufacture (and possibly
afterward). Polyvinyl chloride has been singled out as "the poison
plastic" by Greenpeace and other environmental groups. We now have
60 miles of it in the park. Clearly, the squirrels were not consulted on
this choice.
If the plastic used in "The Gates" is in fact recycled (Greenpeace
warns of the "false promise" of polyvinyl chloride recycling,
noting that only 1 percent gets recycled), some credit might be allowed,
but at best this credit would account for only a fraction of the energy
used and emissions produced. Nearly all steel is "recyclable,"
but the recycling rate (around 70 percent nationwide) is already
accounted for in the energy intensity calculations above. More
fundamentally, one cannot dismiss responsibility for the use of a
primary material simply by claiming that this material could be reused.
That's like claiming that no mink were harmed in making your fur coat,
because you might donate it to good will someday.
This is an unenlightened view of ecology. Why could the artists not have
chosen a 100 percent postconsumer material, or better yet, a
biologically derived material, to begin with? Such a choice would have
reduced toxic emissions from the material itself, although we would
still be left with the diesel trucks and propane forklifts scuttling to
and from the park to carry this enormous mass in and out.
It has also been loudly declared that the artists are paying for all of
this out of their own pockets, through the sale of spinoff drawings and
paintings to art collectors. These drawings can be viewed on the
artists' Web site, and all share a pattern of coloration in which the
city and the park, the buildings, the trees, the grass, are devoid of
life, while the "The Gates" are portrayed in vivid color - the
only objects of apparent interest to the artist. The setting could have
just as easily been any other city, or no city at all, and little would
change in the paintings. These depictions of a lifeless New York City
are supposedly financing the materials, manpower and energy required to
bring us "The Gates," but there is no mention of any fee paid
for the pollution of the air and water, to say nothing of the threat to
Hazel's squirrels.
The choice of such an unfortunate orange hue - "saffron" to
the artists, but to the rest of us more evocative of sanitation trucks,
prison uniforms or road pylons - becomes clear: this is the color of
hazard and danger. Hazel and I have chosen to interpret the whole
business as an ecological warning sign.
Ted Caplow, an environmental engineer, is the executive director of Fish
Navy, a nonprofit organization that promotes sustainable technology.
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/20/opinion/opinionspecial/20CIcaplow.html?
Although The Gates are a nice distraction from the bitter Winter weather
and leafless tree landscape, I agree with this op-ed.
|
|
The Gates and employment
$21 Million…for what?
As one of the “paid volunteers” on Christo-Jeanne Claude’s The
Gates, Central Park, New York City, the most frequent comment I
heard was something about the $21 million that had been spent.
While describing my experience on The Gates project to my
husband, he commented that it was collectively realized. Bingo! Christo-Jeanne
Claude’s art is always a project that involves hundreds, if not
thousands, of people…people who help them bring that dream to reality.
So now let’s talk about the $21 million. The people who help Christo-Jeanne
Claude bring that dream to reality do not do it for free. There would be
salaries for the project engineer, the project director, the project
assistants, and the rest of Christo-Jeanne Claude’s team. And some of
these people have been working over two years on this.
But let’s get to the real nuts and bolts of the money – employing
workers at the Gupta Permold plant outside of Pittsburgh who constructed
the aluminum corner sleeves; employing workers at the ISG steel mill in
Coatesville, PA who produced 5,290 tons of steel sheets for the base
weights; employing workers at the C. C. Lewis steel plants in
Conshohocken, PA AND in Springfield, MA who took the ISG steel sheets
and turned them into the base weights; employing workers at the J.
Schilgen Company in Emsdetten, Germany who produced the saffron,
recyclable rip-stop nylon fabric; employing workers at Bieri-Zeltaplan
in Taucha, Germany who cut, sewed and rolled the fabric panels and
cocooned them with Velcro; employing workers at the North American
Profiles Group plant in Holmes, NY who manufactured the vinyl poles;
employing people who helped with the 10 containers shipped by boat from
Germany; employing workers at the LMT-Mercer Group in Lawrenceville, NJ
who produced the base plate covers, used to conceal the leveling plate.
Now let’s add the employment of the truck drivers to get those
materials from the New York Harbor, Pittsburgh, Coatesville,
Conshohocken, Springfield, Holmes, Lawrenceville to the assembly plant
in Queens, and the employment of workers at the assembly plant. And my
guess is that was all before November 2004.
Keep going? The workers who put down the base weights throughout Central
Park were paid; more truck drivers were employed to bring the finished
supplies from Queens to Central Park; and how about the bus drivers
employed to take the paid volunteers to training sessions in Queens and
to shuttle them back and forth in Central Park. And remember they’re
paying for the extra security in Central Park, also.
Then we could add in the food. From January 3rd to February 27th, all
the workers in Central Park have been fed lunch every day, and coffee
and pastry in the morning. Does YOUR boss do that for you?
When an artist sells a piece of art, he employs 2 people – himself and
the dealer. Christo-Jeanne Claude spent $21 million and my guess is that
at least ˝ to 2/3 of that went towards employing thousands of people.
Hmmmmmmmm…art as employment. Maybe Christo-Jeanne Claude should be
meeting with President Bush.
|
February 14, 2005
METRO MATTERS
It's a Park Whose Time Has Come
By JOYCE PURNICK
IT took nearly a quarter-century to bring Christo and Jeanne-Claude's
"Gates" to Central Park. That does seem a bit extreme, even
for New York. Why so long? Fortunately, it was easy to find out, because
standing near the Sheep Meadow on Saturday morning, watching the
curtains of cheerful saffron fabric being unfurled, was the very man who
first said no, Gordon J. Davis.
Mr. Davis, the former commissioner of parks and recreation, is now such
a fan of the installation that he was wearing an orange hat and lapel
ribbon. But in 1981, he called the original proposal "the wrong
place, the wrong time." It called for a much larger installation
and, unlike the current design, it would have left holes in the dirt and
asphalt. The artists also wanted their show in the fall, rather than in
winter.
But those were not the main complications, Mr. Davis explained.
"The basic reason was, the park was a disaster," he said.
Central Park, hurt by the city's fiscal crisis, had deteriorated and was
dangerous. The Central Park Conservancy, its privately financed savior,
had only been founded in 1980.
"My view was, there will be this wonderful thing for two weeks, and
when it was gone people will look around the park and it will be a
disaster," Mr. Davis said. "This time, the park has been
completely revived, and it's a wonderful place."
But back then, just imagine the public reaction to lavish spending -
even of private dollars - on an artistic fancy in an otherwise shabby
park. That would not have gone over well in a city where every decision
has a political rationale.
Today Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's enthusiastic support for the project
barely produced a ripple of dissent. If there really is a time for
everything, this is the time for "The Gates." Spend a moment
in the park and it's apparent. The installation has transformed the park
into a public party.
Like Operation Sail celebrating the bicentennial in 1976, or the
fireworks commemorating the Brooklyn Bridge's 100th birthday in 1983,
this is one of those moments in New York - the kind that gets people
together to share something different, exuberant or in this instance,
purely "preposterous," as Heather Tow-Yick put it yesterday in
the park near Harlem.
Ms. Tow-Yick, an assistant to the schools chancellor, quickly added,
"I mean that in a fond way. It's classic New York." The
apricot-tinged park this weekend seemed to mute the city's snarls, to
grant a temporary respite from its insistent frustrations.
Maybe "The Gates" is art, maybe it isn't. But it is
uncomplicated fun to meet people from everywhere, to hear their stories
and even become a fleeting part of them.
Who could not smile at encountering Louise Kershaw and Glynn Moss of
Manchester, England. Despite the winter weather, the young couple had
decided to hold their wedding ceremony in Central Park, knowing nothing
about "The Gates." The new husband and wife pronounced
themselves delighted, if surprised.
"Everyone's been wishing us well," said the bride, looking
slightly dazed, as she and her husband posed for photographs near the
Bethesda Fountain, surrounded by family and a friendly throng of
strangers.
THAT'S the story of the installation - the people, suggested Carl
Petzhold, a retired writer from Hanover, Germany. In Berlin, where the
same artists wrapped the Reichstag with fabric in 1995, "there were
5 million people, and they all excitedly talked to each other, and here
is the same thing," said Mr. Petzhold, who came to New York with
his wife, Sigrid, specifically to see "The Gates."
"People will talk to you, no matter where you come from."
Sophia Ginzburg of Albany, a medical technician, had a similar reaction.
It is, she said, "like a holiday in here."
Barbara Colon, walking her dog, Maxie, near West 104th Street yesterday
was just happy to see more people in the park than usual, though many
fewer than south of 96th Street. "And at last, they finally did
something uptown," added Ms. Colon, who works in investment
banking.
The installation had its critics. But there is no doubt that the 16-day
exhibit is a hit. Just as there was no doubt in 1981 that it would have
been a dud.
"E. B. White wrote that to live in New York you have to be
lucky," said Mr. Davis, the former parks commissioner. "My
corollary is, it's great to live in a city where you are allowed to
change your mind."
Copyright
2005 The
New York Times Company
|
February 14, 2005
Park Visitors See Saffron, and Businesses See Green
By JENNIFER MEDINA
Dennis Roman hardly had a moment to look up at the towering orange frames
snaking through Central Park, their saffron fabric waving in the Sunday
sun. Not that he minded; he had hot dogs to sell.
On a typical Sunday in February, Mr. Roman said, he usually makes about
$100. By 3 p.m. yesterday, he had already taken in $1,000.
"It's been like this all day," he said. "It's never like
this usually, never."
As the crowds flocked to the park yesterday to gaze at and ponder over
"The Gates," the huge, colorful installation by Christo and his
wife, Jeanne-Claude, businesses inside the park - from merchandise vendors
to caricature artists to major restaurants - were booming. Parking garages
nearby were filled and restaurants along the park's perimeter were packed
with people jockeying for a table.
City officials said they expected tens of thousands of people to show up
for the exhibition, which is to be up for only 16 days, and whose $20
million cost is being borne exclusively by the artists. By the time the
7,500 gates are taken down in two weeks, the city expects to generate $80
million in business, with $2.5 million in city taxes alone, according to
the city's Economic Development Corporation.
The Strand bookstore's mobile stand, along Fifth Avenue near the southeast
corner of the park, is normally closed from December to March, but decided
to open because of "The Gates," according to a salesperson,
Kevin Crow. He estimated that about 100 customers showed up on Saturday,
10 percent more than any other day. Books about "The Gates" and
about previous projects of Christo and Jeanne-Claude made up most of the
sales, he said.
While business slowed "the tiniest bit" yesterday, Mr. Crow
said, it was still considered a major success. Dozens of other vendors who
would typically spend winter in business hibernation came out yesterday,
prompted in part by the sunny skies.
Stacey Berna, who makes and sells animal balloons for whatever customers
are willing to pay, said she stayed home on Saturday, waiting to see how
large the crowds would be and what the weather would bring. As she stood
outside jacketless, she smiled at the sun and the crowds..
"This is just a lot of fun," she said, adding that she had about
150 customers by midafternoon. While she would typically see twice that in
July, she was happy just to have a small bonus. "At this time of
year, I'm home with my children," she said. She continued, "If
it stays like this, it could be a busy couple of weeks."
The Boathouse restaurant usually shuts its doors for dinner in the winter,
but the general manager, Fonda Tsironis, said it would stay open every
night during the exhibit. There was a two-hour wait for a table early last
evening and it was already booked for tonight, Mr. Tsironis said.
"We've been turning away people all day," he said, motioning to
the tables full of brunch diners. "We love this, every minute of it.
This is the kind of thing New York is made for."
He estimated that about 40 percent of customers were tourists and that
during the week the number of lunch diners would more than triple,
totaling 250 to 300.
With panoramic windows stretching across the dining room, Mr. Tsironis had
plenty of occasion to look at the way the fabric swinging from the gates
changed with the wind and the light. Christo and Jeanne-Claude had stopped
by earlier in the day and received a standing ovation, but had not stopped
to eat, Mr. Tsironis said. "I don't know where he's eating, or if
he's eating," he said with a laugh. "He probably doesn't have
time."
Neither did the park's busy vendors, most of whom shrugged or laughed when
asked what they thought of the spectacle that had brought out so many
customers.
"I don't really understand it," said Sharif Sadiq, a 45-year-old
sketch artist from Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn. He'd sold three caricatures
by 4 p.m. and was hopeful he would sell a few more before nightfall.
"Normally it's just one, so that's a major improvement," he
said. "I just hope there are tourists, because city people don't
usually come to buy this."
Miguel Ixco was completely uninterested in discussing the finer points of
art as he pulled out a thick stack of bills and counted his day's earnings
from selling cotton candy.
"It's not all that much," as he folded back $70. "But it's
more than I'd usually have. There are so many people here, they have to
buy something eventually."
Copyright
2005 The
New York Times Company
|
February 13, 2005
AN APPRAISAL
In a Saffron Ribbon, a Billowy Gift to the City
By MICHAEL KIMMELMAN
Slide
Show
It is a long, billowy saffron ribbon meandering through Central Park --
not a neat bow, but something that's very much a gift package to New York
City. "The Gates," by Christo and his wife, Jeanne-Claude, was
officially unveiled yesterday.
Thousands of swaths of pleated nylon were unfurled to bob and billow in
the breeze. In the winter light, the bright fabric seemed to warm the
fields, flickering like a flame against the barren trees. Even at first
blush, it was clear that "The Gates" is a work of pure joy, a
vast populist spectacle of good will and simple eloquence, the first great
public art event of the 21st century. It remains on view for just 16 days.
Consider yourself forewarned. Time is fleeting.
On a partly sunny, chilly morning, with helicopters buzzing overhead and
mobs of well-wishers on hand, an army of paid helpers gradually released
the panels of colored fabric from atop the 16-foot-tall gates, all 7,500
of them. The shifting light couldn't have been better to show off the
effects of the cloth. Sometimes the fabric looked deep orange; at other
times it was shiny, like gold leaf, or silvery or almost tan. In the
breeze, the skirted gates also appeared to shimmy like dancers in a conga
line, the cloth buckling and swaying.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude drove around slowly to watch the progress. Fans
mobbed their car. Like all projects by this duo, "The Gates" is
as much a public happening as it is a vast environmental sculpture and a
feat of engineering. It has required more than 1 million square feet of
vinyl and 5,300 tons of steel, arrayed along 23 miles of footpaths
throughout the park at a cost (borne exclusively by the artists) of $20
million.
I hadn't been quite sure when I first saw the project going up last week.
From outside the park, the gates looked like endless rows of inert orange
dominoes overwhelming Frederick Law Olmsted's and Calvert Vaux's
masterpiece.
But as the artists have insisted, the gates aren't made to be seen from
above or from outside. I stopped in at a friend's office high above
Central Park South yesterday and ogled the panorama, which was lovely. But
it was beside the point. It's the difference between sitting in a skybox
at Giants Stadium and playing the game on the field. The gates need to be
- they are conceived to be - experienced on the ground, at eye level,
where, as you move through the park, they crisscross and double up, rising
over hills, blocking your view of everything except sky, then passing
underfoot, through an underpass, or suddenly appearing through a copse of
trees, their fabric fluttering in the corner of your eye.
There are no bad locales for seeing them. But there are some spots at
which the work looks best: around the Heckscher ball fields, where the
gates are dense and lines of them swarm in many directions at once; at the
base of Strawberry Fields, where two parallel rows march in tight
syncopation; at Harlem Meer, where they cluster up to the shore and then
clamber, helter-skelter, up the rocks. Also at Great Hill, near West 106th
Street, where they encircle the crescent field, then descend a flight of
steep steps.
And at North Meadow, a wide-open vista, where the gates wander off toward
the horizon, separating earth and sky with an undulating saffron band.
People preened under the unfurled gates, watching the fabric sway. Now one
no longer ambles through the park, but rather saunters below the flapping
nylon. Paths have become like processionals, boulevards decked out as if
with flags for a holiday. Everyone is suddenly a dignitary on parade.
A century and a half ago, Olmsted talked about the park as a place of
dignity for the masses, a great locus of democratic ideals, influencing
"the minds of men through their imaginations." It's useful to
recall that Christo conceived of "The Gates" 26 years ago, when
Central Park was in abominable shape. The project had something of a
reclamation mission about it, in keeping with Christo's uplifting agenda.
He was born in Bulgaria in 1935 and escaped the Soviet bloc for Paris in
1958. His philosophy has always been rooted in the utopianism of Socialist
Realism, with its belief in art for Everyman.
But in place of the gigantic monuments of Mother Russia, forced upon the
Soviet public and financed by the state, he has imagined a purely abstract
art, open-ended in its meanings, paid for by the artist, and requiring the
persuasion of the public through an open political process.
After which the art comes and goes. "Once upon a time" is a
phrase Christo likes. Once upon a time, he imagines people will say, there
were "The Gates" in Central Park.
Central Park is in fine shape today, but the project still has a social
value, in gathering people together for their shared pleasure. Some
purists will complain that the art spoils a sanctuary, that the park is
perfect as it is, which it is. But the work, I think, pays gracious homage
to Olmsted's and Vaux's abiding pastoral vision: like immense Magic Marker
lines, the gates highlight the ingenious and whimsical curves, dips and
loops that Olmsted and Vaux devised as antidotes to the rigid grid plan of
the surrounding city streets and, by extension, to the general hardships
of urban life.
The gates, themselves a cure for psychic hardship, remind us how much
those paths vary, in width, and height, like the crowds of people who walk
along them. More than that, being so sensitive to nature, they make us
more sensitive to its effects.
We didn't need the gates to make us sensitive, obviously. Art is never
necessary. It is merely indispensable.
At its best, it leads us toward places we might not have thought to visit.
Victor Hugo once said, "There is nothing more interesting than a wall
behind which something is happening." This also applies to gates,
which beckon people to discover what is beyond them.
With their endless self-promotion, and followers trailing them like
Deadheads from one global gig to another, it's no wonder that Christo and
Jeanne-Claude have made a few skeptics of people who often have not seen
their art at first hand. New Yorkers are a notoriously tough crowd.
But I was struck by what I overheard a stranger say. She was a doubter won
over yesterday. "It will be fascinating when they're gone," she
mused.
It took me a second to realize what she meant: that the gates, by
ravishing the eye, have already impressed an image of the park on the
memories of everyone who has seen them. And like all vivid memories, that
image can take a place in the imagination, like a smell or some notes of
music or a breeze, waiting to be rekindled.
Once upon a time there were "The Gates." The time is now.
Copyright
2005 The
New York Times Company
|
February 13, 2005
Dressing Up in Orange, and Pleats
By JAMES BARRON

Volunteers unfurled "The Gates" installation throughout New
York's Central Park on Sunday.

The weather was windy and cold as the first fabric dropped from one of the
7,500 16-foot-high gates, creating what the artists billed as "a
visual golden river'' along the park's footpaths.
Video:
Unveiling 'The Gates' in Central Park
o that is what 1.089 million yards of
orange-yellow fabric looks like, floating and fluttering and flapping in
Central Park.
The giant $21 million art project "The Gates," which had already
filled the park's 23 miles of pathways with thousands of saffron-colored
portals, blossomed yesterday at 8:31 a.m., just as the artist Christo and
his wife, Jeanne-Claude, had planned.
They watched as Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg raised a long metal pole to
release fabric from the top of a gate in the Sheep Meadow. Also watching
was a crowd that chanted a countdown like the one heard each New Year's
Eve in Times Square - "Five! Four! Three! Two! One!"- before the
mayor unfurled the fabric on the first gate.
Each and every one of the 7,500 gates had the same cocoon of fabric, and
after Mr. Bloomberg had unfurled four more, workers (hired and paid by the
artists) fanned out through the park to complete the job.
By midmorning, the park's circulatory system had taken on the bright color
of veins twisting and twirling against the gray-and-brown backdrop of
midwinter. The pleated nylon fabric pulsed and swayed at the whim of a
12-mile-an-hour wind - not strong enough to make it snap like a spinnaker
on an America's Cup challenger. The color was almost as fiery and fierce
as the sun that had risen a couple of hours earlier.
"Look at the light," Christo said. "Look, look."
In the crowd, people tried to do exactly that. People who had tried to
imagine what the completed project would look like finally had a glimpse.
Some described them as too-short window shades dangling in the breeze.
Some mentioned squarish out-of-season butterflies. Some were intrigued by
the play of light on the fabric: as the peekaboo sun came and went, the
nylon had a touchable texture one minute and a one-dimensional look the
next. Some echoed what Christo and Jeanne-Claude had said about a river of
bright color against twigs and leafless branches. Some talked about
exhilaration and exuberance. Some were more literal.
"A pleated skirt," said Kathleen Catapano of Brooklyn. She
looked again, and another idea came to mind: "I think it looks like
Jeanne-Claude's hair."
Jeanne-Claude has said that her hair, which is redder than the gates, was
not what prompted them to choose the color. But they consider the public
spectacle of their installations a part of the works themselves. And the
preparation for yesterday's event had been a spectacle of its own.
It began with workers laying the bases for the gates and people talking
about how the bases - dark gray, rectangular and squat - looked like
something out of a step class. That gave way to the idea of a barn-raising
as each gate was fitted together and lifted in place.
"It was like watching an egg hatching slowly," said Olufunmibi
Awoshiley, a hospital administrator, "and I didn't know what it was
going to look like. Now I see it, and it's beautiful."
The unfurling was a payoff of patience and persistence. In 1981, after the
city rejected his original proposal on the ground that it would damage the
park's landscape and set a dangerous precedent, Christo made clear that he
would not give up. "I am in good health," he declared at the
time. "The park is still there, and I will do that project."
Never mind that the Parks Department had issued a 107-page put-down that
said Christo's installation would be "in the wrong place and the
wrong time and in the wrong scale."
The crowds it would draw, seen by the current generation of city officials
as a plus, were considered a negative then. The document also complained
that approval would be "inconsistent" with Parks Department
permit policies, setting a precedent that could force officials to go
along with other large-scale installations.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude spent the 1980's and 1990's wrapping the Pont
Neuf in Paris with fabric and rope; planting blue umbrellas over a
12-mile-long valley in Japan and yellow ones over a 24-mile valley in
California; and wrapping the Reichstag in Berlin with 1.076 million square
feet of silvery fabric and bright blue rope.
What a difference a couple of decades can make. The city gave the go-ahead
in 2003 for a project that was both slimmer and taller than originally
planned. There are 7,500 gates instead of 11,000 to 15,000, as Christo and
Jeanne-Claude had first envisioned.
But each gate is 16 feet high, a foot taller than originally proposed.
Instead of steel poles, as first proposed, the frames of the gates are
square. The fabric is no longer attached like shower curtains but
connected directly to the frames.
And while the first plans called for drilling 15,000 holes in the park to
anchor the gates, the final design has the sturdy bases, which rest on the
ground. It is all temporary.
Once the gates are dismantled at the end of the month, there will be no
sign that they were there - no holes in the ground, no missing limbs from
trees that were trimmed to make room for them.
In places where a gate might have brushed against a branch or a limb, the
tree won. The gate was moved, but only a bit.
The artists have said that there is no best place from which to view the
installation, in their words "a celebration of the processional,
ceremonial walkways of the park." They said they had envisioned the
fabric as "a golden ceiling creating warm shadows" within the
park, and "a golden river appearing and disappearing through the bare
branches of the trees" from above.
They also said, on their Web site (christojeanneclaude.net),
that "there are no official opening events." But the moment with
the mayor, who had been a supporter of the project in private life, came
close.
As soon as it was over, Christo and Jeanne-Claude climbed into a $300,000
limousine and went on an inspection tour.
They left behind a crowd as concerned with views and angles as they were.
The fans realized, as the gates were going up, that the project would have
a decidedly different effect from ground level than from a nearby
apartment or a helicopter.
The fans also realized that "The Gates" had a limited life cycle
- 16 days from yesterday's unfurling. So, like Karen Castellano of Los
Angeles, they had made their travel plans.
"They look like - I don't know, the prettiest curtains I've ever
seen," she said as one gate after another opened in the breeze.
Yvonne Woetzel, a painter from Dusseldorf, Germany, said that she would
not have missed the project.
"It's impressive," she said. "It touches people. And it
makes people happy. And to see the fabric moving - it's so
impressive."
George McElroy of Manhattan, who runs a financial services company,
marveled at the logistics and the statistics. It took 165,000 bolts and an
equal number of self-locking nuts to hold the gates together. Christo's
Web site said there were 46 miles of hems in the fabric. And the length?
"It's 23 miles," he said of "The Gates." "That's
what a marathon is."
Some fans said "The Gates" had been an endurance run for Christo
and Jeanne-Claude. The project's official title, "The Gates, Central
Park, New York, 1979-2005," acknowledges the time it took from
brainstorm to unfurling.
"They waited so long," said Juliana C. Nash, a public relations
researcher. "It's almost like Camilla and Charles."
Yesterday, Jeanne-Claude had a one word description for her reaction to
the completed installation: "Ecstatic."
But everybody is a critic. Consider the assessment of Vinnie D'Angelo, an
artist: "The chunky gate shape, the bright colors - it seems like a
70's aesthetic."
His friend Seth Bomse, a film editor, said he found the initial unfurling
lacking. "It was kind of disappointing close up," he said,
"but I like it from a distance."
Ann Farmer, Colin Moynihan and Stephanie Rosenbloom contributed
reporting for this article.
Copyright
2005 The
New York Times Company
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February 12, 2005
'The Gates' Unfurling to High Hopes
By RANDY KENNEDY
With 45 television cameras in front of him and a view of bright orange
vinyl gates stretching through Central Park behind him, Mayor Michael R.
Bloomberg said yesterday that the city expected an infusion of $80
million in tourism and other spending by people flocking to see
"The Gates," the vast public art project by the artists
Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
Worldwide interest in the project was clear at the news conference at
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where journalists from more than 200
media outlets, including networks in Sweden, Mexico City and Tokyo and
others as unusual as Bulgarian national television, crowded into the
Temple of Dendur to hear the mayor and the two artists discuss the
project, whose saffron-colored fabric panels will be unfurled this
morning.
For Mr. Bloomberg - who has reduced the city's arts budget amid general
cutbacks but has also emerged as the strongest promoter of public art at
City Hall in decades - the event was a chance to bask in the glow of a
near-perfect blockbuster project: one that comes at no cost to the city
(the artists are paying for everything, including extra police officers)
and that will attract thousands of art pilgrims to New York during a
month when tourism is traditionally at its lowest.
"With no ticket sales of any kind it's impossible to predict
exactly how big an impact 'The Gates' will have during its 16-day stay
here," Mr. Bloomberg said, "but based on attendance at similar
events and other factors, the city's Economic Development Corporation
estimates that the project will generate more than $80 million in
economic activity for our city."
The $20 million project was originally conceived by the artists in 1979
and was rejected by three mayoral administrations before Mr.
Bloomberg's, in part because of concerns about its cost and about damage
to the park.
The mayor, who first became interested in the notion of "The
Gates" in 1995 as a trustee of the Central Park Conservancy, made
light of the project's long history yesterday, saying that it took
Michelangelo four years to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and
Beethoven five years to write the Ninth Symphony. "Mere blinks of
an eye," he said, "compared to the time that it took to build
the masterpiece that we are celebrating today."
"I can't promise," he added, "particularly since this is
New York, that every single person will love 'The Gates,' but I
guarantee that they will all talk about it."
"And that's really what innovative, provocative art is supposed to
do," he added, as Jeanne-Claude and Christo sat next to him.
Vince Davenport, the project's engineer, said that teams of workers
would be standing by in case any of the 16-foot-high gates broke or were
pushed down, and that a gate could be replaced in less than an hour. But
both he and Raymond W. Kelly, the police commissioner, said they did not
anticipate many problems, from either vandals or the weather. Mr.
Davenport said that teams would begin manually unfurling the fabric at
8:30 a.m. and that all of the panels should be released by about 11.
Asked often yesterday to explain the meaning of the project, Christo and
Jeanne-Claude emphasized that its meaning would have to be found by
those who walked through the 7,500 gates, spread over 23 miles of
walkways.
"It has no purpose," Jeanne-Claude said. "It is not a
symbol. It is not a message. It is only a work of art."
But Christo explained that it related in some ways to the unrealized
plans of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, the park's designers,
to place iron gates at many of the entrances to the park. He added that
the fabric panels, which will blow and curve in the wind, are also meant
to remind viewers of the park's serpentine paths and the curves of the
empty branches of the trees above them.
After answering several questions, however, Christo became clearly
frustrated by trying to explain his work and emphatically urged
experience over rational inquiry. "This project is not involved
with talk," he said. "It is real physical space. You need to
spend time walking in the cold air - sunny day, rainy day, even snow. It
is not necessary to talk."
EDITORIAL NOTEBOOK
At Last, the Gates Wave in Central Park
By CAROLYN CURIEL
Few artists can make a global splash like Christo and Jeanne-Claude, who
are spouses and collaborators. Their public art creations are not so
much displayed as audaciously imposed: installations that employ
landscapes and buildings as mannequins and pincushions. They put pink
skirts on islands off Florida, silver draping around the Reichstag in
Berlin and colorful umbrellas in fields in Southern California and
Japan. As a successor to these phenomena, "The Gates," which
unfurls today in Central Park, adds another dimension, a certain
humanity within the grandeur.
The artists' earlier inventions were often remote, away from urban areas
or other easily accessible settings. The splendor depended on what
photographs or aerial video could capture. Not so with "The
Gates." For 16 days, "The Gates" will be in place, with
7,500 saffron-colored panels hangi | |